1. Roots of civilization in North Africa
a. Egypt Blossoms along the Nile
i. The Nile river made the ancient Egyptian Empire possible
ii. The river flooded periodically, fertilizing the soil and providing water for their crops
iii. In 3100 B.C., a powerful king united all of Egypt and established the first Egyptian dynasty
iv. The empire lasted 2,600 years
v. The monarchs, called pharaohs, were worshipped as gods
b. Islam in North Africa
i. North Africa has been invaded by many empires
ii. Greeks and romans from Europe, and the Ottoman Empire from Asia have invade
iii. Islam: the dominant religion of north Africa
iv. Muslim invaders from southeast Asia brought their language, culture and religion to north Africa
2. Economics of Oil
a. Black gold
i. Oil has transformed most countries economies
ii. Oil makes up 99% of Libya’s exports.
3. A culture of markets and Music
a. North African Souks
i. Souks, or marketplaces, are common features of life in North Africa
ii. A typical Souk is located in the medina (old section) of the town
b. Protest Music
i. Algeria is home to rai: a kind of music developed in the 1920
ii. Rai is now a used as a form of rebellion against Islam fundamentalists
4. Changing roles for women
a. Women and he family
i. North African households tend to be centered around males
ii. Men work on farms or in offices, and few women hold jobs
iii. Women’s roles however, are changing
iv. More than one wife at a time is now abolished
v. Growing numbers of women now have jobs
5. Summary
a. This section talked about the geography and recent history of northern Africa, from the Nile to the oil fields of Libya. It covered things such as economic reforms and women’s rights. And about how the people are rebelling with music.
Good notes.
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