chapter 19, section 1

Chapter 19, section 1 East Africa

1. A cultural crossroads
a. A trading coast
i. Askum: an early civilization in 100 ad
ii. Its location was on the red sea and Indian Ocean made it a good trading power in the area
iii. In the 500s, its trading partners left and the empire weakened
iv. By 1300, many cities were on the coast of Eastern Africa
2. Colonization disrupts Africa
a. Scramble for Africa
i. Berlin conference: 1884-1885, when 14 nations divided Africa among themselves without African representation
ii. By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia weren’t under European rule
iii. The divisions led to many ethnic conflicts and violence in the area
b. Ethiopia avoids colonization
i. Ethiopia’s emperor, Menelik II, protected the country from the Italian invasion with aid from Russia and France
ii. They defeated Italy in 1896
c. Conflict in East Africa
i. By the 1970s, East Africa regained its independence from Europe
ii. Tensions led to the Rwandan Genocide in 1994
iii. The previously made borders combined many different ethnic groups
3. Farming and Tourism Economies
a. Farming in East Africa
i. Cash Crops: coffee, tea, sugar, tobacco that are grown for direct resale
ii. They bring in revenue, but reduce the land able to be used for food crops
b. Tourism creates wealth and problems
i. Tourism is one of the main economies  of east Africa
ii. The wildlife parks of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania are world famous
iii. As the population increases, the need for farmland  increases
iv. Many people want to decrease the size of the parks to make room for more crops
4. Maintaining Traditional Cultures
a. Cultures of East Africa
i. Masai: A group of people who live in the rift valleys of Kenya and Tanzania
ii. The Kikuyu are the largest ethnic group in Kenya, numbering about 9 million
iii. During British Rule, the Kikuyu formed a rebel militia called the Mau Mau, fighting the British
5. Healthcare in Modern Africa
a. Healthcare in Africa
i. AIDS became a pandemic, causing a devastating effect on the continent
ii. Pandemic: an uncontrollable outbreak of disease affecting a large population
iii. AIDS is an STD, caused by HIV
iv. People with HIV don’t technically have AIDS, and can carry it for years without knowing it
6. Summary
a. This section went over the geography and history of eastern Africa. It talked about the effects of colonization and recent ethnic conflicts of the area. It also taught about how tourism has helped the economy and how healthcare is helping prevent AIDS.